Everybody catches the flu. It’s just one of those facts of life and mostly it is an inconvenience. Maybe you lose a few days of work or school and you recover. But for those that belong to a vulnerable group – underlying illness, immune compromised or elderly the infection can be fatal. Society works hard at reducing the spread of influenza with vaccines and quarantines but still forty to sixty five thousand die each year in the U.S. There are certain environments that become ideal breeding grounds for viruses. Schools, offices, military bases, summer camps, airplanes, cruise ships.
Recent Reports Of Covid Cases On Cruise Ships
As the cruise industry restarts in North America there are a few incidents of covid-19 outbreaks but all indications are that the cruise ships are managing to control the virus outbreaks.
On the Carnival Vista cruise in late July and early August, 27 coronavirus infections were identified aboard the Carnival Vista cruise ship sailing out of Galveston, Texas. Later one of those infected, a passenger, died.
It was the highest number of cases aboard a ship since cruises restarted in the Caribbean and United States, and the first death. A passenger and 26 crew members were immediately isolated after testing positive for the virus. Contact tracing and further testing was conducted, with no discovery of new cases reported by Aug. 11, when the ship arrived at the port of Belize City on the northeastern coast of Central America, Carnival said.
Though the ship sailed out of Texas, which bans businesses from requiring vaccinations, more than 96 percent of passengers were vaccinated and all but one crew member was fully vaccinated, according to the Belize government where the ship visited
On the Carnival Mardi Gras three passengers tested positive for COVID-19 at the end of the ships inaugural seven-night sailing from Port Canaveral of Carnival Cruise Line’s newest and largest ship, the Mardi Gras.
The discovery was among a series of positive COVID-19 tests among passengers and crew of ships operated by Carnival and other cruise lines in recent weeks.
The appearance of COVID-19 on the Mardi Gras as cruising returned to Port Canaveral is a sign of just how precarious the restart of cruising can be. It came even as Carnival required all its crew and its passengers age 12 and up to be vaccinated; kept passenger counts far below capacity; and took a host of other steps to guard against COVID-19 on its ships, in accordance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance.
So far, Carnival and other cruise lines have dealt with the cases without disrupting their ship schedules.
Royal Caribbean Adventure of the Seas had six passengers on board tested positive for Covid-19. Of the six, four were fully vaccinated and were not traveling together. The cases were discovered during routine testing. Three of the four fully-vaccinated passengers had no symptoms and the fourth passenger had mild symptoms. The two unvaccinated guests were minors traveling in the same family and were asymptomatic. The six guests were immediately quarantined and their close contacts were identified and tested and all were negative.
On the Celebrity Millennium sailing from Sint Maarten two passengers sharing the same stateroom were the first North American cruise passengers since 2020 to test positive for COVID-19 on a cruise in early July. All crew and adult passengers on board the Celebrity Millennium had to show proof that they were fully vaccinated as well as provide a negative COVID-19 test prior to or at the time of boarding.
Revisiting the case of the outbreak on the Diamond Princess in early 2020
The Final Report On The Diamond Princess
The Diamond Princess And The Corona Virus
After a month and a half from the now known first case on the Diamond Princess that was discovered in Hong Kong there have been a total of 705 confirmed cases, 325 of those have recovered and 7 have died. The deaths occurred in people ranging from 68 to 82 years old.).
As of March 22nd the ship is still tied up at Daikoku Pier Cruise Terminal Yokohama (source – ship finder) and Princess Cruise Lines has not shown any future itineraries for the Diamond Princess for the next number of months.
First Acknowledgement
The Diamond Princess cruise ship’s operator, Princess Cruise Line, confirmed on Monday, February 10th that there are 135 people on board the ship who tested positive for the Wuhan coronavirus. It is also worth noting that not all of the passengers have as yet been tested.
Timeline
A Timeline of Events Since the First Confirmed Coronavirus Case onboard The Diamond Princess.
February 2nd Hong Kong media reported Saturday evening that an 80-year-old cruise passenger from the Diamond Princess has been tested positive for the Wuhan coronavirus. Early reports are suggesting that his cruise itinerary involved a stop in Kagoshima and he had not visited mainland China the entire trip. Prior to the vacation, he had visited a local hospital for follow-up on Jan 15.
It was later reported that a male passenger flew to Tokyo on January 17th and went on the January 20th two week Yokohama – Kagoshima – Hong Kong – Yokohama sailing of the Diamond Princess.
We now know that on February 1, a Hong Kong hospital confirmed a patient tested positive for the Wuhan coronavirus. The man was a passenger on the Diamond Princess and he confirmed that he did not drop by the ship’s medical center for help. The man reported that he has been coughing since Jan 15, five days before the cruise, and developed a fever on Jan 30th while onboard the ship.
According to the statement on Princess Cruises’ official website, the ship was scheduled to return from a two-week itinerary on February 4 but the case of the patient previously on board the ship prompted the Japanese authorities to run tests on passengers while still onboard the ship, delaying the ship’s Yokohama turnaround.
Authorities investigating the case of this elderly man from the Diamond Princess now believe he caught the virus from his wife, who appears to have recently made trips to mainland China.
February 4th
Upon arrival in Yokohama the cruise ship was quarantined by Japanese officials, with the first 10 cases testing positive for the coronavirus being transferred to Japanese medical facilities. This left about 3,400 people quarantined on the Diamond Princess both passengers and crew.
The ship was left with managing their own onboard contagion while in quarantine. Stories after that are mostly anecdotal but suggest that passengers were to remain in their cabins and if they went outside they were to maintain a distance from each other of at least 9 feet. Specific information concerning the crew and sanitizing efforts are not available.
February 16th the United States intervened and evacuated some 340 Americans from the Diamond Princess docked in Japan using two chartered planes. Upon arrival in America 14 tested positive for the corona virus and everyone was placed in a two week quarantine.
February 17th
The Diamond Princess was, at the time, the largest cluster of the coronavirus outside mainland China. On Monday February 17th, Japanese authorities once again raised the number of people on the ship infected with the virus to 454.
February 18th
A letter was forwarded from the Diamond Princess staff to passengers on Sunday February 16th, passengers who test negative for the virus and show no symptoms will be allowed to leave the ship on Feb. 19. The letter noted that passengers will probably be subject to additional quarantine requirements by their country of destination when leaving Japan.
February 19th
The 1,000 plus crew members still on the Diamond Princess will be moving from their lower deck shared cabins individually to newly fumigated passenger cabins.
As of February 28th the Diamond Princess reported 705 Infected, 5 Deaths and 10 Recovered.
March 1st
The last group of about 130 crew members got off the Diamond Princess on Sunday, March 1st completely vacating the cruise ship. They were placed in an onshore quarantine facility provided by Princess Cruises for additional monitoring.
In hindsight it now seems the best course of action would have been to remove everyone from the ship and isolate them from each other in an extended quarantine. The American intervention decision is probably the correct action.
Cruise ships have become a focus recently because of their environment, having people in close contact for lengthy periods of time. Cruise ships are not the only high risk environment for the spread of a contagion as anyone with small children going to school will tell you. Other similar environments include schools, large offices, airplanes, resorts, military facilities and on and on. The military is particularly susceptible to contagions and has been the location of a number of major incidents. Norovirus is a stomach virus that has been a concern for cruise ships for a number of years. The first outbreak of norovirus was in 1968 at a school in Norwalk, Ohio which is where the virus gets its name. As should be noted at this time the coronavirus is very contagious and the world is responding by shutting down almost all places where people gather in numbers and the cruise industry is in no way responsible for the origins and spread of this disease.
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